DAILY MITZVAH (Maimonides): 11th Sivan, 5769
By Malka Touger
Negative Commandment 16
You shall not urge another Jew to worship idols
Deuteronomy 13:12 “And you shall do no more wickedness like this among you“
We are forbidden to encourage a fellow Jew to worship idols. Someone who disobeys this commandment is called a “Maysit.”
Negative Commandment 17
You shall not be attracted to a “Maysit”
Deuteronomy 13:9 “Do not be attracted to him“
The “Musat” (the individual that the “Maysit” is trying to attract to worship idols) is not allowed to be attracted to a Maysit or to show love for him.
Negative Commandment 18
You shall not listen to a “Maysit,” nor soften your hatred of him
Deuteronomy 13:9 “Nor (shall you) listen to him“
The Musat must show hatred towards the Maysit.
The Torah wants us to understand that the only way to insure that the Maysit will not be able to convince others to worship idols is to show that we do not love him (Negative Mitzvah 17) and that we do, indeed, hate him.
Negative Commandment 19
You shall not pity a “Maysit”
Deuteronomy 13:9 “Nor shall your eye pity him“
The Musat is not allowed to have pity on a Maysit, nor is he allowed to help him in times of need, even if his life is in danger.
Negative Commandment 20
You shall not try to spare a “Maysit”
Deuteronomy 13:9 “Nor shall you spare (him)“
The Musat is not allowed to justify what the Maysit is trying to do.
Additionally, the Musat is forbidden to plead for the Maysit in court, even if he knows of something that can be said in favor of the Maysit.
Negative Commandment 21
You shall not conceal evidence that is harmful to the “Maysit”
Deuteronomy 13:9 “Nor shall you cover up for him“
The Musat is not allowed to conceal any evidence about the Maysit which may lead to his conviction and punishment.
Negative Commandment 26
You shall not prophecy in the name of idols
Deuteronomy 18:20 “[The prophet]… that shall speak in the name of other gods“
HaShem has chosen prophets as teachers and guides for the Jewish people.
We must listen to a prophet because he is bringing us the words and message of HaShem.
A true prophet is loyal to the Torah.
This prohibition tells us that a person is not allowed to give prophecy in the name of false gods and idols.
If such a prophecy is given, then we immediately know that it is false, (see Negative Mitzvah 27 and 28).
Negative Commandment 28
You shall not listen to the prophecy of someone who prophesies in the name of an idol
Deuteronomy 13:4 “Do not listen to the words of that prophet“
This Negative Mitzvah cautions us not to heed the words of a false prophet.
The Torah itself has given us specific guidelines so that we may distinguish a true prophet from a false one.
If a person prophesies in the name of an idol we are commanded not to listen to him, nor demand any proof or signs from him.
Once the name of an idol or another G-d is mentioned, that, itself, proves to us that the individual is a false prophet.
Negative Commandment 27
You shall not utter a false prophecy
Deuteronomy 18:20 “But the prophet who shall presume to speak a word in My name which I have not commanded him to speak“
A person is forbidden to give a prophecy in the name of HaShem, when in fact, HaShem never instructed him to give such a prophecy.
Negative Commandment 29
You shall not fear (or show pity for) a false prophet
Deuteronomy 18:22 “You shall not fear him“
A person who announces that he is a prophet and then begins to declare his false prophecies can sometimes sound very convincing.
Just like others who lie, he is careful to say things that people want to hear, hoping they will believe that he is a true prophet and that what he says is true. Still there is no need to be afraid of his threats.
This Negative Mitzvah warns us not to fear the false prophet nor show any pity towards him.
Negative Commandment 14
You shall not swear in the name of false gods
Exodus 23:13 “Make no mention of the name of other gods“
At times, a person may be required to take an oath in court, in order to show that he is telling the truth.
When the oath is given, the person will choose to swear in the name of something that is holy and important to him. This helps to convince others that he is sincere.
We are not allowed to swear in the name of any idol or G-d.
If we are dealing with someone who believes in idols, we are forbidden to allow him to take an oath using the name of the idol.
Negative Commandment 8
“Ov” – A specific type of idol-worship
Leviticus 19:31 “Do not turn to mediums“
This type of idol-worship involves ceremonial acts carried out to try to communicate with the dead. We are forbidden to practice this kind of idol-worship.
Negative Commandment 9
“Yidde’oni” – A specific type of idol-worship
Leviticus 19:31 “Do not turn to oracles“
This involves ritual acts and meditation as a means of imaginary prophecy. We are forbidden to practice this kind of idol-worship.
Negative Commandment 7
“Molech” – A specific form of idol-worship
Leviticus 18:21 “Do not give any of your children to set them apart to Molech“
In ancient times, the worship of “Molech” – an Ammonite G-d – was very common.
The worship of Molech required that children be used for the ritual ceremony. We are forbidden to practice this specific type of idol-worship.
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